Hardworking gardeners grow grapes even in the Moscow region. Thanks to breeders, it was possible to obtain early varieties and hybrid forms bearing fruit in the middle lane.
Previously, a beautiful vine was planted to decorate the plots, as the grapes did not have time to ripen. New hybrids of culture, subject to all the techniques of agricultural technology, allow you to get delicious aromatic berries, suitable for desserts and making homemade wine.
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Features of growing grapes in the suburbs
The climate of the Moscow region differs from the conditions of the southern regions. Therefore, grape growing has a number of features:
- for planting, early varieties or mid-ripening ones (for greenhouses) are selected, managing to mature in a fairly short summer period;
- varieties with high frost resistance are required;
- it is advisable to plant grapes with light berries, since dark fruits require more sun for the accumulation of sugar and a stable taste;
- most varieties require shelter for the winter.
Unlike the south, in the central regions of the country, grapes are less affected by dangerous pests. In the conditions of the Moscow region and surrounding territories, many quarantine infections are not afraid of culture, which greatly simplifies the care of plants. The less chemical treatments, the higher the environmental performance of the crop.
Grape varieties for Moscow region
When choosing grapes, the characteristic associated with the shelter of plants is conditional. In the south, a certain variety is grown without removal from the trellis, in the middle lane it does not survive in winter without shelter.
Non-covering and frost-resistant varieties include:
- Shun;
- Alpha;
- Jupiter;
- Valiant;
- First-Called.
The top grape varieties for the region according to the reviews of wine growers included:
- Anniversary of Novocherkassk;
- Krasa Severa (berries have a slightly tart flavor);
- Kishmish Radiant;
- Isabel;
- Rusven;
- Agate Donskoy;
- Crystal.
Each grape from the list has certain advantages. Crystal is suitable for winemaking, as well as early Rusven; for the preparation of raisins, the best option is seedless Kishmish Luchisty.
Of the earliest grapes we mention Alexander, Aleshenkin, Agat Donskoy. In the greenhouses grow the Queen of the vineyards, Arcadia, Krasa Dona, Nadezhda Aksayskaya.
Purchase and price of seedlings in the suburbs
Various nurseries and farms of the region provide seedlings of culture to gardeners. The assortment includes grapes adapted to the local climate, suitable for cultivation in open air hailstones, in greenhouses. Many nurseries offer exotic grape varieties for experimenters.
Suggestions:
- Moscow region, Yakhroma, Center for Gardening Excellence.
- Moscow region, Domodedovo district, Galchino village, your natural garden.
- Moscow region, Vereya, OPK Bykovo.
- LLC "Nursery" Good Garden ", Moscow, st. New Basmannaya, d. 9.
The age of the plants is 1-2 years.Available: early and early grapes, technical, table, universal varieties, hybrids, plants with open and closed root systems.
The cost depends on the variety, the age of the plant. Usually a two-year-old grape seedling costs from 400 rubles, the cost of five-year-olds - from two thousand rubles.
Planting grapes in the suburbs
For grapes in the conditions of this region, it is required to provide the plants with the most favorable regime.
Landing time
They practice spring planting, and grapes planted in September-October showed themselves well. The climate allows any options, but with the condition of proper care. In spring, the ground should warm up to +10 degrees Celsius, it is desirable that excess moisture is gone.
For landing use:
- seedlings of one year old;
- lignified cuttings.
Planting grapes in the fall in the suburbs is the beginning or middle of October, not later. Healthy annual plants are suitable without signs of infection and without defects.
Variety selection and seedling preparation
You should not simultaneously plant many varieties of culture, you must try how the vines behave in specific conditions. Not all early grapes are suitable for the Moscow Region, as there are varieties with a short growing season that can not withstand cooling.
Before planting grapes, deformed roots are removed from the plants, dipped with roots in a mixture of clay and cow manure. Proportions: 2: 1, the talker by consistency should resemble sour cream.
The choice of places for landing
A prerequisite for obtaining a stable crop is the correct selection of a place for the vineyard. In open places, the culture freezes, therefore, ridges protected from the winds are taken away under it, preferably on the slopes. The slopes facing the southern sides are suitable, although not every estate has such a relief.
Grapes are quite tolerant of land types, but grows better on sandy loam soils, on loam. Acidity indicators - not more than pH 6.8-7, acidic soils for plants are not suitable. The culture on clay soil grows poorly; they cultivate it by introducing humus and compost. There should be no groundwater nearby. Mandatory laying of the drainage layer, fragments of brick, expanded clay, small pebbles are suitable.
Soil preparation
During spring planting, ridges and pits are prepared from autumn so that the earth settles. When planting grapes in autumn, holes are dug 2-3 weeks before work, be sure to add a nutrient mixture.
Contribute:
- 50-70 grams of superphosphate;
- 400-500 grams of wood ash.
Standards are given per 1 sq. Km. meter.
Planting seedlings
Land in the region warms up to 40-50 cm, so the depth of the landing pits should not exceed these values. Compost, ash, river sand are introduced into the pits, a bush is placed on the mound and the roots are carefully straightened.
A slight slope to the north is desirable, so it is convenient to bend the vine for wintering. The distance between the pits depends on the grape variety, but in any case - at least one meter. Optimal: 1.2-1.5 meters.
Before planting, supports for trellises are installed so that then the roots of the plants are not disturbed. After planting, the bushes shed well, mulch the surface.
Grape care
Agricultural technology includes standard events:
- watering;
- top dressing;
- treatment from pests, diseases;
- the formation of bushes;
- pruning.
Work is carried out all season, starting in early spring.
Top dressing
Over the entire season, grapes are fed 3-4 times. The young vine does not need fertilizers, as the seedlings have enough stock made during planting.
Regular top dressing begins in the third year, with spring and early summer providing plants with nitrogen, and from the second half of summer with potassium and phosphorus.
From organics fit:
- Mullein diluted in water (1:10);
- diluted bird droppings (1:20);
- infusions of ash (500 grams per bucket of water).
Mullein and especially bird droppings are brought in liquid form, with the obligatory observance of proportions. Otherwise, the roots of the grapes will get burned.
Of mineral fertilizers, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, complex fertilizers are suitable.
As foliar top dressing for grapes, solutions of boric acid, Zavyaz preparation, superphosphate extract are used.
In the fall, manure is not brought under the crop, only potash and phosphorus additives are used.
Watering
In the first year, seedlings are watered once a week, given the weather conditions and the condition of the plants. Starting from the second year, it will be enough to irrigate the soil abundantly every two weeks.
Waterlogging of the earth, as well as drought is not allowed. In hot summers, water as necessary, using water warmed in the sun.
Spraying
Grapes in the suburbs are less than in the southern regions exposed to diseases (mildew, oidium). But preventive spraying is carried out without fail.
Apply solutions of potassium permanganate, Bordeaux mixture, various fungicides.
Sample processing scheme:
- in early spring before budding;
- after flowering bushes;
- a couple of weeks before the berries ripen.
During fruit ripening, all chemical treatments are prohibited.
Grape formation
Due to the climate, experienced growers do not prune the young vine in the first year. The grapes must go into the winter without pruning to withstand the cold season without loss.
Form a bush start from the second season. The procedure helps to increase productivity, normalize the load on the shoots, and produce tasty berries. Early varieties are usually highly fruitful, and therefore produce many buds. They are removed to avoid overload on the shoot.
The bushes in the autumn of the second year are cut to 2/3, but are guided by the state of the plant. Sick, weak shoots are removed. Spring pruning also involves the removal of all frozen branches, sick, weak shoots.
For the formation of vines are determined with the scheme:
- non-covering varieties form with the stem;
- covering varieties are formed according to the pattern of a fan and cordon abandonment.
Guillot formation is practiced in the region:
- in the first season, two branches are selected and cut in the autumn, leaving 2-3 eyes on them;
- for the second season they leave 4 of the strongest shoots, which will be the sleeves of the bush.
At the end of summer, the bushes are minted, cutting off the tops for 4-6 buds. This technique allows plants to better prepare for wintering.
Winter preparations
In the conditions of the Moscow region, you should not risk it and experiment with planting a heat-loving culture. Grapes, especially in the first two or three years, cover the whole.
The vine is prepared for wintering, removing from supports and bending to the ground. It is not allowed to lay branches on the ground, as this often causes mold. Wooden slats are laid at the bottom of the grooves or trenches and only then vine branches.
Shelter Options:
- lapnik;
- falling asleep of the vine with earth (ineffective);
- film (first put the arc, then lay the film);
- roofing material;
- slate sheets;
- wooden boxes (used for several seasons).
In recent years, gardeners have used special agrofibre, covering the vine with material and crushing the edges with boards or bricks. Snow will be a reliable shelter from above.
Spring Shelter
When warm days come, they remove snow from the shelter, make grooves to drain melt water. It is not allowed to get damp inside the shelters.
Open the protection gradually, carefully drying in the sun all the moisture inside it. It is advisable to open the vine during the day and cover for the night. Only remove protection when stable heat sets in.
In the suburbs there is a high risk of return frosts, therefore, weather forecasts are taken into account, and the bushes are tied to trellises only with steady heat.
Harvesting
The grape harvest in the region falls at the end of summer or the first decade of September. If the weather allows, then the clusters are left on the bushes for complete ripening.
It is not worth it to overdo the berries, otherwise the crop will deteriorate, the taste will deteriorate. Modern hybrid forms of early grapes are characterized by high portability and good keeping quality. When creating conditions, brushes are stored in the basement for up to several months. But mostly berries are consumed fresh, put into processing (juices, fruit drinks, homemade wine, liquors).
Gardeners reviews
Maria, Zaraysky district, Moscow region
I have long wanted to grow grapes, and for almost seven years now the Crystal variety has been making me happy. Very satisfied: unpretentious, ripens early. Oval berries, not very large, ripen in August. For winter, I first cut the vine, remove it from the support, bend it, and sprinkle it with leaves. Winters beautifully. From the berries we make wine, freshly slightly acidified.
Ivan, Dmitrov
Isabella and Lydia are growing well in our region, I have been convinced of this for a year now. Varieties of workers, I do not cover them with anything, they give a crop all the time. Two years ago, I collected almost 50 kg of berries from two vines. After - a little less, but still not overjoyed. I took seedlings in the nursery, grew it for two years without brushes, and cut off the signaling.
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