How to distinguish a false white mushroom and a real one, its description (+19 photo)?

Borovik is the most desired object of mushroom pickers, which belongs to the first category in taste. But you should take it to the basket only if you are completely sure that it is correctly identified. After all, he has an insidious double - a false white mushroom, and the photo clearly shows how similar they are - you can find the differences only in the detailed description.

Other double names are used - bitter, bitter, bile, obtained due to the fact that it tastes bitter and cannot be removed even after prolonged soaking and heat treatment. But at the same time, bitter is not poisonous, but simply inedible. Borovik also has other doubles: satanic, beautiful boletus, speckled oak.

Characteristic Features of False Porcini Mushroom

Gorchak, among other false ones, is most similar to white, he also looks noble and inviting inexperienced hunters with baskets. Its differences are insignificant, do not strike sharply in the eyes, they need to be remembered and looked closely in case of a find. And remember the rule: if in doubt, don’t take it.

Appearance and photo

A bitter mushroom cap is very similar to a mushroom cap: it is 5-15 cm in diameter, hemispherical, rough, when sticking to water it becomes sticky. With age, it rounds more and more. The color is light brown, brown, sometimes streaked.

The color of the lower tubular part varies from milky to pink. The density of the pulp is medium hard, the fibers are pronounced, the color is white-pink. When cut, it turns red.

The leg is usually massive, thick, up to 3 cm wide and up to 13 cm long, shaped like a mace, expanding to the base. Its color is light brown, does not darken over time, and the mesh pattern is more pronounced.

Morphology

Tylopílus félleus - the name of the mustard in Latin. It belongs to the inedible genus Tilopilus, the Boletov family. The tubular hymenophore grows to the pedicle, the pores of the tubules are large, clearly visible, white or pink.

In most cases, mustard - a symbiont, forms mycorrhiza with coniferous and beech. This means that the relationship between the tree and the fungus is mutually beneficial, usually the plant receives water and trace elements, and the mushroom receives sweet carbohydrate juice.

Sometimes bitterness acts as a saprophyte, settling on stumps, fallen trees, disposing of them, increasing the soil fertility of the forest.

Habitat

Gorchak loves acidic soil, so he prefers coniferous or mixed forests. Often found near spruce stumps and even on the trunks of pine and spruce. At the same time, it is not demanding on fertility, it can live on sandy soils. We tolerate the sun and shading, loves water, therefore it is found in open glades and swamps.

They find it in different countries and continents in the warm and humid season from July to October. Grows in groups of 5-15 pcs.

Eating

It is unsuitable for food neither in taste (it is bitter and spoils the whole dish), nor in chemical composition, jeopardizing the health and life of a person if a large dose of it gets into the body. Rarely leads to death, therefore it refers not to a poisonous, but to an inedible group. But damage to the body can be significant, for example, cirrhosis of the liver, which suffers from toxins in the first place.

Differences between true and false mushroom

It is easy to distinguish a white mushroom from a false one if you are careful and know what to check. Namely:

1. The simplest test is to cut or break the bitter.If this is really it, then the flesh will immediately turn red or turn brown. With white, it happens differently: it does not change its color.
2. Smell. In young mustard it is not pronounced, but in old it is putrid, even asphyxiating. By this, he also spoils the dish by falling into it.

   

3. The shape of the leg in the bile thickens to the bottom, in the white it is more symmetrical over the entire height. The pattern on the top of the false boletus leg is in the form of a net.
4. In the boletus, the hat may have reddish and brown hues; in the mustard, it is light brown.
5. The hymenophore of white will never be a pinkish tint, as opposed to a false one.
6. Not the most obvious sign, but still it is worth saying that the bile fungus is not affected by pests and does not rot, it grows for a long time, remaining intact and beautiful. He scares everyone away with his bitterness.

And one more nuance: many mushroom pickers determine the false boletus to taste, carefully licking the tongue, claiming that it is raw bitter. So, such a method, firstly, is dangerous, and secondly, there is a kind of mustard, in which the flesh is sweetish in taste. But when cooking, it still becomes bitter and harms the body.

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Other species similar to ceps

As already mentioned, mustard is not the only double of boletus. All varieties similar to ceps are similar in appearance and among themselves. From the photo and description, you can understand which of them are very similar, and which have obvious fundamental differences.

White breast

Gourmets are often equated with mushrooms to boletus for its taste. Its calorie content and protein composition are not inferior to animal products. And he also has doubles: looking like a white breast - pepper, camphor, violin, parchment breast. They all have a pungent taste, but it is more pleasant than bitter, and there are even recipes for drying and chopping such mushrooms, so that later the powder can be used instead of pepper. Such mushrooms are conditionally edible.

But the interesting thing is that at a young age, the breast, despite the significant difference in morphology (namely: the breast is a plate mushroom, and the boletus is spongy), looks like white, and inexperienced mushroom pickers confuse them.

Blue mushroom on cut

Beautiful Boletus or inedible boletus also has a bitter taste flesh, like mustard.

But he, unlike the bile, turns blue on the cut, and looks like white only with a light shade of the hat, although sometimes it is olive. The leg is brighter than that of the boletus, from top to bottom the color changes from lemon to burgundy.

There is also a tasty double, turning blue in the places of damage - speckled oak. True, he colors the dish in dark color. The flesh is yellow, but also turns blue when broken.

Satanic look

In any, even a brief, mushroom reference book, a satanic mushroom will certainly show off. It looks like white with the shape of a mushroom body.

But he has such a bright coloring of the tubular layer and legs (the hat is modest, gray, looks like a cobblestone lying in the grass) that all hopes of its edibility disappear. And rightly so: it is poisonous, you should not even touch it with your hands, examining the flesh.

Risk of Mustard Poisoning

The bitterness of the bile fungus is toxic enough to cause damage to human health. It enters the bloodstream and causes intoxication, disrupts the liver and gall bladder. The poisonous substance can be in the body for up to a month, at first not giving itself away, lulling vigilance.

Symptoms of poisoning:

• abdominal pain, cramping, sharp and sharp;
• taste of bitterness in the mouth, dryness;
• weakness, drowsiness, dizziness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• pallor of the skin, severe bruising under the eyes;
• temperature rise.

But nature itself protects people, as it can, from the use of the bile fungus, not without reason it is bitter. There is a dish, even if a piece of mustard got there, at least it’s tasteless. No wonder insects and slugs do not eat it. You can eat a dangerous dose if the dish was prepared by pickling, adding vinegar, which masks bitterness. The insidiousness of the poison is also that it can not appear immediately, but after a few weeks or even months.

Answers to widespread questions

False boletus, although it does not belong to poisonous, is capable of seriously disrupting the work of the organs of a careless gourmet. You need to be alert and attentive so as not to risk your health.