Names and descriptions of edible mushrooms of Crimea (+19 photo)

15.01.2024 Mushrooms

The nature of Crimea is diverse, as three climatic zones intersect here. In particular, it affects the abundance of edible species of Crimea mushrooms. They differ in taste, health and nutrition.

Content

1 Places of distribution and terms of mushroom picking in Crimea
2 Photo and description of the main edible mushrooms of Crimea
3 Chanterelles
4 Gruzdy
5 Answers to Common Questions

Places of distribution and terms of mushroom picking in Crimea

On the peninsula there are about 4 hundred varieties of mushrooms of the hat type. They grow in forest and steppe areas, close to settlements, on glades and mountain eggs.

Name	Places of growth	Mushroom picking time
Cesarean mushroom	Not far from Yalta, mainly in oak forests.	The whole warm season.
Ryadovka gray	Near s. Kolchugino, Simferopol district, in the region of the Crimean astrophysical laboratory (Bakhchisarai district). In mixed and coniferous forests, on moss or sandy soils.	The beginning is mid-autumn.
Giant talker	In the eastern part of the peninsula, on mountain eggs, in mixed and coniferous forests.	From the beginning of summer to mid-autumn.
Chanterelles	Bakhchisaray and Belogorsk, Kirov and Simferopol areas, especially near the village of Mramornoye. They grow in groups in well-lit places, near clearings and in clearings. They can be found in moss, among pines, firs and birches.	From the first decade of June to the onset of autumn cooling.
Gruzdy	Mixed forests throughout the Crimean peninsula.	July-end of September, especially after heavy rains.

Photo and description of the main edible mushrooms of Crimea

A huge number of species of mushrooms grow in the forests and steppe zones of Crimea. Going to the gathering, it is necessary to carefully study the information about the edible fruits, so as not to confuse them with dangerous doubles.

Cesarean mushroom

It is also called Caesar's (royal) mushroom and Caesar's fly agaric, or simply edible fly agaric. In ancient times, it was very popular, was considered one of the most valuable, and therefore received such a magnificent name.

This mushroom is rich in calcium and phosphorus, vitamins A and D, ascorbic and nicotinic acids, as well as vitamins of the PP and B. It contains a lot of protein, but the product is well absorbed.

Signs of Caesar Mushroom
Hat	Diameter, (cm)	8-20 (in adulthood, but mostly small)
	Coloring	Deep red
	The form	Ovoid or hemispherical (in young specimens); flat and slightly curved in the central part (old ones)
	Surface	Smooth, furrowed edges
	Records	Yellow-golden, loose, often located, wide in the central part, margin slightly fringed.
	Pulp	Fleshy, light yellow under the skin
Leg	Thickness (cm)	About 2-3
	Height, (cm)	8-12
	Coloring	Yellow orange
	Pulp	Dense, absolutely white cut
	Other symptoms	Near the hat there is a hanging saturated orange ring. Volvo (scraps in the lower part of the leg) is bag-shaped, up to 6 cm wide, white from the outside, inside it can be yellowish or with an orange tint
Smell		Pleasant. If the mushroom is overripe, it may smell like hydrogen sulfide
Taste		Not pronounced, pleasant

Appearance (primarily the color and shape of the cap) resembles the appearance of a poisonous fly agaric. But according to the photo and description, it can be quite easily recognized. It should be noted such differences of fly agaric and caesarean fungus:

the fly agaric is covered with white growths (although small fly agarics can be clean), and the surface of its good relative is smooth;
poisonous mushroom plates are white, and edible - golden yellow;
the dangerous mushroom has only ring-shaped remains at the base of the leg, and Caesar has a wide sack-shaped Volvo.

The rowing is gray

This mushroom also has other names: sub-basilica, streaky streak, silver ear, mouse.

Ryadovka has an antioxidant effect, that is, it slows down oxidative reactions in the body. It is used in a different form after heat treatment. The mice are marinated, canned, dried, used for salting and fresh. And yet - “age-old” mushrooms are not bitter.

Signs of mouse
Hat	Size in Width (cm)	4-12
	Color	Uniform gray color of various shades (from dark to light, may be a little yellowish or greenish)
	The form	Conical with curled edges - in young; flat with irregularities, a wide tubercle in the center, wide edges and small cracks - in old
	Surface	Pleasant to the touch, dry, smooth (mucous after a rain, a little sticky); with blackish fibers diverging from the center
	Records	Widely spaced, rare thick, slightly winding, loose or torn with a tooth, thinning closer to the edge; the "young" - white, the "older" - gray with yellow spots, just yellow or with a lemon tint
	Pulp	Fleshy and white, gray under the skin
Leg	Thickness (cm)	1-2,5
	Size in height (cm)	4-12
	Colors	Above is white, pale yellow; grayish below
	Pulp	Dense, fibrous, loose and yellowish
	Other symptoms	At the base, the leg is thickened, it is bent, in mature specimens it is hollow inside. Rings and no Volvo
Smell		Pleasant, mild, like fresh flour
Taste		Not pronounced, mealy

Inedible soap is similar to this mushroom, but it smells unpleasant (like soap) and its flesh quickly turns pink at the cut point.

Giant talker

This is traditionally called this common Crimean mushroom. Another name is the giant whale. Although the white-minnow has mediocre taste, it is suitable for cooking in salted or boiled form.

For these purposes, it is recommended to choose "young growth". Overripe mushrooms have a bitterness, but they also come in handy - for drying.

Signs of a giant white minnow
Hat	Diameter, (cm)	8-30
	Color	White beige
	The form	Weakly funnel-shaped, blade-fibrous margin
	Surface	Smooth in young fungi, may crack on scales as it grows
	Records	White or light beige, descend to the leg, are often located
	Pulp	White, dense
Leg	Girth (cm)	2,5-3,5
	Height, (cm)	4-7
	Coloring	White, beige
	Pulp	Dense
	Other symptoms	The base of the leg is bulbous, slightly narrowed. No bedspreads
Smell		Pleasant, mealy, not pronounced
Taste		No special taste

The flesh of the bovukh contains natural antibiotics, various trace elements (zinc, manganese and copper), vitamins B1, B2. Talkers have antibacterial properties.

This is interesting!

Due to their low calorie content, they are suitable for diet food.

Chanterelles

They are also called cockerels. In cooking, the natural bitterness of chanterelles is appreciated. But if the recently harvested mushrooms are not immediately processed, the bitter taste intensifies. It is recommended to soak them for 30-60 minutes, boil and drain the water. Cockerels are suitable for cooking and frying, salting and pickling, drying and pickling.

It is fermentation that allows you to save vitamin C, which is destroyed during cooking. Chanterelles are very useful, especially for vision. They help to cope with helminths, favor liver cells, contain vitamins A, B1, PP, zinc and copper, are natural antibiotics.

Signs of cockerels
Hat	Size in Width (cm)	2-12
	Color	Light yellow, orange yellow
	The form	Initially convex, then depressed and even funnel-shaped. Wavy or irregular edge, slightly wrapped inward
	Surface	Smooth, matte
	Records	Wavy, often very branched and strongly descending to the foot
	Pulp	Thick, fleshy
Leg	Thickness (cm)	1-3
	Size in height (cm)	4-7
	Colors	Light yellow, orange-yellow (it is lighter than the color of the hat)
	Pulp	Fibrous, yellow from the edge and white in the middle
	Other symptoms	The leg is fused with a hat, there is no clear border. When pressed, slight redness appears
Smell		Reminds dried fruits or roots
Taste		Sour, with bitterness

Gruzdy

As an alternative to a real mushroom, which does not grow in the Crimea, other mushrooms will do. Peppercorns, although bitter in taste, are suitable for salting. Previously, it must be repeatedly soaked, constantly updating the water.

The dry lump (it is white preload or white russula) is also bitter and should be treated similarly, after which it is suitable for pickling and pickling. And oak loaf after soaking and washing in salt water in advance can also be successfully cooked and roasted.

The main types of cargo:

pepper lump;
dry lump;
a lump of oak.

Signs of bruises
Mushroom variety		Peppercorns	Dry chest (white preload)	Oak Chest
Hat	Diameter, (cm)	6-30	5-18	5-12
	Color	White or creamy in the center - darker	White, often with dark yellowish or reddish-brown patches	Orange-brick or reddish, with brown spots
	The form	Funnel-shaped, in young mushrooms the edges are bent, in mature ones straightened and wavy	Initially convex, then depressed and funnel-shaped. It gets cracked in dry weather.	Initially rounded flat, then funnel-shaped, often irregular in shape, with a wavy edge wrapped
	Surface	Smooth, matte or slightly velvet	Dry, first thinly felt, then naked. Clumps of earth often stick to her	Smooth
	Records	Frequent, narrow, descend, sometimes bifurcated. There are many short plates. As a result of damage to the plates, yellowish-brown spots appear	Thin, frequent, slightly descending to the leg, occasionally intertwined, cream, about the leg a little bluish	Descend on the leg; first white, and then ocher-pale
	Pulp	Thick, brittle, white	Dense, white, the color does not change on the scrap	White or cream (slightly turns pink at the cut)
Leg	Thickness (cm)	1,2-3	2-5	1,5-3
	Height, (cm)	4-8	1-2	3-7
	Color	White	White, often with irregular brown spots, bluish at the top	The same color as the hat, but lighter and has darker notches
	Pulp	Solid, very dense	Thick white	White or cream (turns yellow slightly or turns pink on a cut)
	Other symptoms	Leg slightly wrinkled, narrowed below, smooth	The leg at the top is narrower than at the bottom. Gradually becomes hollow	Leg slightly wrinkled, narrowed below, smooth
Smell		Weak, reminiscent of rye bread	Nice, strong	Pleasant
Taste		Sharp, pepper	Spicy, bland	Bitter

Answers to Common Questions

How much can you save cut mushrooms?

Unwashed fresh mushrooms should be stored in the refrigerator in an open enameled, glass or plastic bowl (another is not suitable) for no more than 3 days. In the freezer: fresh - up to 1 year, boiled or fried - 1-3 months.

How to cut mushrooms growing in the Crimea?

The collection of these types of mushrooms should be carried out according to one rule, with the preservation of mycelium. Fruit bodies should be cut with a sharp knife on the soil at the base.

Is it possible to poison the edible species of Crimean mushrooms?

Yes, they can be poisoned if they are very old (in which case they could accumulate protein decomposition products) or were collected in an industrial zone.In addition, this product must not be salted or pickled in galvanized, aluminum or iron dishes. In other cases, these mushrooms are harmless.

The mushroom season in Crimea is long - from early spring to late autumn. This indisputable advantage in combination with a variety of species provides constant attention to the collection of mushrooms both experienced mushroom pickers and amateurs. Searches can be made in the rich organic steppes and in the mountains, which allows you to better know the wonderful nature of the peninsula. But before you go camping for mushrooms, you need to thoroughly study their description.