Grapes Kishmish 342: characteristics and description, planting and care

At the end of the 19th century Hungarian breeders crossed early (Perlet Sidlis) and technical (Villar Blanc) grape varieties. The result of this work was a hybrid Kishmish 342 (GF-342). It is characterized by frost resistance, early ripening, high productivity and unpretentiousness in terms of care. Such properties of the variety provided him with wide popularity among farmers of the temperate continental latitudes of Russia and Belarus.

Characteristics of Kishmish 342

Features of a ligneous vine called a grape bush:

• thin and vigorous stalk with high elasticity and overgrowth. Such qualities must be taken into account when planting grapes and preparing them for wintering;
• leaves are large, rounded in shape, have a weak dissection;
• shoots ripen on 2/3 of the vine, so they are recommended to be cut into 7-8 eyes. This helps to improve the ripening of the vine and increase its fertility to 85%;
• severe thickening negatively affects the yield of the hybrid. The gardener needs to regularly trim according to all the rules, while a maximum of 3 clusters should remain on one shoot;
• stable bearing.

Subject to the rules of planting and care, the grape yield is 20-25 kg from each perennial vine

Characteristics of the fetus:

• average size 15x17 mm;
• oval shape;
• 3rd class of seedlessness;
• thin but strong skin with a greenish yellow tint;
• weight does not exceed 3 - 5 g;
• sweet and dense, seedless flesh with a slight aftertaste of nutmeg;
• the sugar concentration is at the level of 19-21% and does not depend on the growing conditions of the variety;
• berries are collected in cone-shaped clusters of medium or large size (weight - from 400 to 900 g). There are cases when this figure reached 1.5 kg.

From the time the ovary is formed until the fetus ripens, about 100-115 days pass. In the southern regions of Russia, Kishmish 342 can be harvested in the first decade of the last summer month. Since mid-August, the fruits of the hybrid ripen in the Voronezh, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Kursk and Tambov regions. The farmers of the Urals and Transbaikalia begin to harvest grapes of this variety in the last week of summer. With proper plant care, they achieve 20-25 kg of yield from each grape bush.

Transportation of the harvested crop is straightforward, so Kishmish 342 is delivered to any region of the country. Bunches are stored in a cool place (refrigerator, basement) for about 3-5 weeks.

In the food industry, a hybrid variety is often used to make children's juices, wine and raisins. The latter can be obtained without removing the bunch from the vine. They are placed in bags and periodically turned over. At home, you can use an electric dryer or microwave for this purpose.

The presence of many vitamins and minerals in the composition allows you to use Kishmish 342 in the treatment of pathologies of the oral cavity, nervous, cardiovascular and digestive systems. Vitamin C in the composition of grapes helps to strengthen the immune system, which allows it to be used for the prevention of colds.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The advantages of the GF-342 include its following characteristics:

• frost resistance. Grapes are grown in areas where the air temperature reaches -26 degrees;
• the possibility of long-term storage;
• fast fruit ripening and high yield;
• lack of seeds and a minimum amount of rudiments in berries;
• sweet and pleasant taste;
• minimal risk of fungal infections;
• It does not require special care;
• good survival of seedlings;
• pollination occurs with its own pollen, which is carried by insects or from neighboring bushes. Therefore, Kishmish 342 are classified as self-pollinated grape varieties. His seeds also form, but after a while they break off spontaneously.

The hybrid has some disadvantages:

• the possibility of incorrect formation of the vine, which leads to the appearance of seeds in the berries;
• the need for some action to prepare the grapes for wintering. This is especially true for the young vine, which in the first year may still be slightly sensitive to low temperature;
• when grown in southern areas where there is a lack of moisture in the soil, the plant is deficient in nutrients. This is reflected in his taste, which becomes "plastic." In such regions, rudiments may be felt in the fruits of grapes;
• berries are very attractive to wasps, so traps are required.

Features of agricultural technology varieties

To Kishmish 342 pleased with its harvest, when choosing seedlings for planting, you need to pay attention to their characteristics:

• root length - 19-23 cm, aerial parts of the vine - 23-24 cm;
• the presence of 2 to 4 viable kidneys;
• diameter is 1 cm.

Landing rules

After you have purchased seedlings, it is recommended to choose a place for planting grapes and prepare the soil:

• Kishmish 342 is planted from late April to early October, subject to the absence of frost, in the eastern or western part of the garden;
• the place should not be in the shade and in the draft. The best option would be a sunny area, hidden from the wind by the wall of the house. Also, it should not have weeds, especially wheatgrass, whose branched root system will impede the growth of the hybrid;
• soil acidity level - 6.4-8.0. Wet or saline soil will not work;
• black soil with a depth of the fertile layer of at least 70 cm is considered the best soil for grapes;
• proximity of groundwater is also not desirable. They can cause the death of the root system;
• the distance between the grape bushes - 4 m, between the rows - 2-2.5 m;
• the depth and width of the pit that is dug under the plant are 0.8-0.9 m and 0.7-1.0 m, respectively. A thick layer of drainage (expanded clay or crushed stone) is poured at its bottom. The same volume of sand is poured on top, and then again drainage mixed with compost in equal proportions;
• in the absence of a hedge at a distance of 0.8-1.0 m from the bush, a trellis of metal is installed, 2.6 m high. The shadow from it should not fall on the vine. Between the trellis, a metal wire is pulled in parallel and perpendicularly, to which the vine will cling. In this case, squares with sides of 50-56 cm should be obtained;
• for irrigation, a plastic pipe (diameter 15-17 cm) is attached to the wall of the dug pit.

The day before planting, the roots of the seedling are poured with water. After the time has passed, the stalk is taken out of the water and placed strictly in the center of the dug hole. The roots are sprinkled with loose soil, which is mulched (sawdust), compacted and watered abundantly. At the end, the cuttings are cut into 2 buds.

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Essential care

Top dressing of grape bushes should be carried out after the appearance of the first leaves. To do this, they are sprayed with a solution of ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate. After 1 week, the procedure is repeated using superphosphate or potassium chloride. Fertilizing the root system is carried out 2 weeks before flowering. At the same time, all 4 substances are mixed in water in the required dosage. To feed 1 bush you need 10 liters of such a solution. The procedure is repeated at the time of ripening.

Rules for watering Kishmish 342:

• the first 1.5 months. after planting, the seedling is watered 1 p. in 4 days with water in a volume of 12-15 l;
• in the period from budding to the appearance of flowers, the amount of water is increased to 27-35 l due to irrigation 1 p. in 18 days;
• when flowering ends, the volume of liquid to perform the manipulation is 30-45 l with an irrigation interval of 15-16 days;
• in order to avoid cracking of berries, watering is stopped 3 weeks before the ripening begins.

After such manipulation or precipitation, you need to loosen the soil well.

The area where new seedlings are planted must be thoroughly cleaned of weeds so that they do not take root. Weeding is carried out to a depth of 2-7 cm.

In the spring, with the help of a secateurs, unnecessary parts of the vine are removed so that there is no thickening. Pruning is recommended for 6-7 kidneys, while no more than three clusters should remain on the shoot. This will help increase plant yields.

Kishmish 342 is resistant to fungal infection, but this property does not exclude the defeat of its other disease or pests (leafworm, spider mite). Under the condition of a wet and cool summer, in July it is necessary to carry out insecticide treatment with fungicides, as well as burn all fallen leaves outside the site in the fall.

Another problem when growing GF-342 is wasps. They can damage 30-90% of the crop, so they build traps in which they put poisonous substances, or place clusters in bags wrapped with gauze. Also inspect areas near the vineyard for pest nests.

Harvest Rules:

• fully ripened clusters are cut with secateurs;
• the procedure is carried out in sunny weather, so that the fruits are dry. It is not worth it to keep them on the vine, as they will lose their taste;
• the crop is inspected for mechanical damage and rot. Such berries must be removed;
• the left clusters are sorted by size if necessary.

For the winter, it is recommended to carry out sheltering of the vine, especially when growing a hybrid in the northern regions. Shoots bind well and bend to the ground, and then put on top agrofiber, coniferous spruce branches (spruce, pine), sawdust or dry foliage.

Reviews

Our cottage is located in the suburbs. We all love grapes, so we tried many varieties and settled on Kishmish 342. My husband and I were attracted to the unpretentiousness of the variety, and my grandchildren like the lack of seeds in the fruits. We begin to harvest from the end of July. Even with a rainy and cool summer, it is at least 50 kg from 3 bushes. We keep the clusters in the basement for 1 month.

Tamara, 55 years old, Moscow

Kishmish 342 has been growing with me for 5 years. The bushes are very powerful, so I leave 2 clusters on the vine. I follow the processing rules, so I have not encountered grape diseases. Harvest after August 10th. My kids really like this kind of variety for its sweet taste. I am going to plant another 2-3 bushes in spring.

Alexander, 35 years old, Eagle

It is not difficult to grow Kishmish 342 on your plot, it does not require special care. The berries will amaze you with their nutmeg flavor, which allows you to use the variety in winemaking. In addition, it will be useful not only for children, but also for elderly family members suffering from various diseases.