Early grape varieties: characteristics and description, reviews

The early ripening of grapes is one of the most important characteristics. Early ripening allows you to grow a thermophilic plant in almost any climate zone.Having familiarized yourself with the peculiarities of culture, you can choose a suitable variety from the old, time-tested, or from the new breeding.

Factors Affecting Ripening Rate

Grapes are called early grapes, the time for full ripeness of berries in which is 120 days or less. That is, from the moment of swelling of the kidneys to the harvest no more than four months pass. Ripening rate depends not only on varietal characteristics, but also on external factors. These include:

• cultivation method (greenhouse or open ground);
• weather;
• growing region (daylight hours, humidity, soil);
• plant care.

Benefits of Growing Early Ripe Varieties

There are several good reasons why gardeners pick early grapes. Here are the main ones:

• berries have time to ripen before the onset of cold weather;
• early harvesting avoids the defeat of fungal diseases and most of the pests;
• first berries are in great demand and are more expensive.

In addition, early ripe grapes quickly gaining green mass at the beginning of the summer season and decorate first with their vines, and then with bunches of berries any garden plot.

Description of varieties

A large number of grape varieties with a short growing season. Each has its own varietal characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Krasa Nikopol

The pink-fruited subspecies appeared in 1950 in the Ukrainian Nikopol. Parents of "Beauty" were "Pearl of Saba" and "Rish black women."

A brief description of:

• ripening period of 105 days;
• tree is tall;
• medium-sized berries, elongated, weight 4-5 g .;
• small clusters (400-600 gr.);
• the taste of grapes is sweet with musky notes;
• self-pollinated;
• disease resistance is low;
• frost resistance is good (under snow up to -22 ° C).

Feature - excellent taste. Sweet, juicy, dense pulp is clad in a thin, but strong skin that does not cause discomfort when eating. It is perfectly transported, without loss of quality.

Violet

The table-wine hybrid was bred in 1947 by breeders by crossing the Muscat of Hamburg and Severny.

A brief description of:

• ripening speed 115-120 days;
• average productivity (5-6 kg with 1 m²);
• tall plant, with strong shoot formation;
• self-pollinated;
• tolerates frosts up to -27 ° C;
• has immunity to the most dangerous diseases;
• rounded berries, with 2-3 seeds. With a lack of moisture, small, weighing 2-3 grams, in irrigated areas 5-6 g .;
• clusters are small (150-200 gr.).

Experienced growers appreciate the variety for its rich sugar content (22%), an original muscat aroma with hints of a rose flower. Unpretentious care is suitable for beginner growers.

Julian

“Julian” - the result of amateur selection, obtained by pollinating varieties “Rizamat” and “Kesha”.

A brief description of:

• maximum ripening period of 100 days;
• strong-growing plant, powerful;
• pollinated independently;
• withstands frost without shelter up to -23 ° C;
• transportable, lying;
• unpretentious in leaving;
• high-yielding (8-10 kg with 1 m²);
• berries are large (up to 20 gr.) and sweet (20% sugar) with 2-3 seeds.

Berries are collected in massive clusters of extraordinary beauty (from 0.8 to 1.5 kg). The taste is not sugary sweet, with pleasant notes of nutmeg and wild strawberries. The skin is dense, but does not cause discomfort when eating.

Super Extra

The variety is a novelty of folk selection. The ancestors were the Talisman and the Cardinal. The amateur E.G. Pavlovsky worked on breeding.

A brief description of:

• medium-sized bush, with a large number of stepsons;
• harvesting after 95-100 days;
• comes into bearing from two years;
• pollinated in the home;
• regularly, abundant fruiting (20 kg from the bush);
• resistant to frost up to -24 ° C;
• not affected by mildew, oidium;
• afraid of phylloxera.

The pride of "Super-Extra" is sweet berries with a delicate fruity aftertaste. Bunches weighing from 400 to 800 gr. Within one cluster, the weight of the berries ranges from 6 to 10 grams. The color of the berries is golden amber.

Harold

The hybrid Harold variety belongs to white table grapes. Bred at the All-Russian Research Institute named after Potapenko, by crossing “Arcadia” and “Enthusiasm”.

A brief description of:

• tall bushes;
• shoots are flexible, powerful;
• ripeness of berries occurs in 90-100 days;
• bisexual flowers;
• ripens 90% of the length of the shoots, hence the yield - 15 kg from the bush;
• immunity to mildew and oidium is average;
• survives winters up to -25 ° C without shelter;
• berries of a harmonious sour-sweet muscat taste. Average weight 6-7 gr. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, with 1-3 seeds.

The peculiarity of the variety is that in the southern regions it is possible to obtain two waves of harvest.

Sofia

The hybrid variety "Sofia" is the result of the crossbreeding of the well-known "Arcadia" and "Radiant raisins." I have adopted all the best qualities from my parents and practically have no shortcomings.

A brief description of:

• the grape tree is distinguished by tall and powerful shoots;
• vegetation periods are 110-115 days;
• roots and vine can withstand temperatures up to - 21 ° C;
• productivity of 6-8 kg with 1 m²;
• pollinating plants are required;
• resistant to the main fungal diseases of the culture;
• suitable for any climate zone;
• the color of the berries is dark pink, weight 15-17 gr.;
• the pulp of the fruit is juicy, with 1-2 seeds;
• the taste is nutmeg, pleasantly sweet.

Libya

This variety is often called "candy". The sugar content in the juice reaches 25%. "Libya" - a recognized leader among hybrids for canteen V.V. Zagorulko.

A brief description of:

• parental varieties: Flamingo and Arcadia;
• vigorous, powerful;
• berries are ready for collection in 100-110 days;
• withstands frosts to -21 ° C;
• bisexual flowers;
• medium resistant to fungal ailments;
• yields are very high;
• stored without loss of quality for 30 days;
• oval berries, average weight 10-15 gr., pink;
• pulp of medium density, with 1-2 rudiments.

A feature of "Libya" is the persistent aroma of muscat from clusters, which is felt even at a distance.

Galahad

The new selection of “Galahad” is a hybrid variety of tableware.Vinogradarians consider this variety to be almost ideal, since it contains all the positive characteristics of "Delight", "Talisman" and "Muscat East".

A brief description of:

• vigorous plant;
• resistant to all fungal ailments;
• stable, high yield (10-11 kg with 1 m²);
• clusters of medium size (500-600 gr.);
• small berries, not more than 10 gr. each;
• ripe fruits of amber color, sweet and sour taste.

Less than 100 days is required for "Galahad" to fully ripen, in the southern regions less than 90 days. Suitable for growing in Siberia and the Urals.

Elegant Extra Long

Hybrid of domestic selection. Two varieties “Frumoase Albe” and “Delight” were taken as a basis. The shortened maturity, drought tolerance and excellent immunity won the hearts of many summer residents.

A brief description of:

• compact bushes;
• average yield (4-5 kg ​​per 1 m²), but stable;
• the first crop brings at 3 years of age;
• increased resistance to ailments and pests;
• frost-resistant (up to -26 ° C);
• medium-sized berries (up to 6 gr.) amber color with seeds inside;
• the taste is sweet and sour muscat.

Low-growing bushes give out crops in a short time (up to 95 days). The vine ripens to its full length. Weak plant growth exempts from the procedures of pinching and regulating the number of brushes.

F-14-75

“Augustus Large” is another name for this hybrid, originally from Hungary. “A stable, trouble-free variety that requires minimal attention” is what gardeners say about “F-14-75”.

A brief description of:

• medium-sized tree;
• high immunity to diseases;
• average yield;
• withstands freezing up to -26 ° C;
• not self-pollinated;
• clusters of 200-300 gr., not dense;
• berries weighing 3-5 g., sweet with a strongly pronounced muscat aroma.

By maturity "F-14-75" is considered the champion. Even in the northern regions ripens in less than 90 days. Therefore, it was widely used in the "cold lands".

Super Red Muscat

Grapes are a noble muscat. Bred by breeders of Moldova. The superearly harvest is ready for harvest in the second decade of July. Ripe berries are perfectly preserved on the vine for another 50-60 days.

• bushes are medium or tall;
• medium resistant to fungal infections;
• not susceptible to gray rot;
• cold resistance up to -26 ° C;
• transportable and lying;
• productivity of 15-20 kg from a bush.

The berries are round and not large (5-7 gr.), Sweet and sour to taste. Sugar content of 15%. Ripe fruits turn purple and are covered with a waxy coating. Good for commercial cultivation.

Super Seedless

Table variety obtained from pollination "Magarach 417" and "Magarach 653". The name of the variety speaks for itself. Maturity dates are record - 80-85 days. The fruit pulp is dense, juicy and without "bones." The taste is ideal for raisins.

A brief description of:

• reaches a height of 1.5 meters;
• average winter hardiness (up to -21 ° C);
• yield 4 kg with 1 m²;
• self-pollinated;
• medium-sized berries 3-4 g.;
• bunches of 300-400 gr.;
• exacting to moisture;
• vulnerable to fungal diseases.

For plant ripening requires a small amount of active temperature - only 18 ° C. Therefore, the variety is suitable for cultivation in most regions of the country.

Tsiravas Agraa

A table variety originally from Latvia. Obtained by the multi-stage crossing method. For the full maturity of the berries, 95 days are required.

A brief description of:

• medium-sized plant;
• self-pollinated;
• productivity 7-8 kg with 1 m²);
• tolerates frosts to -23 ° C;
• resistance to mildew is average;
• unpretentious in leaving;
• berries weighing 4-5 gr.;
• the taste is sweet with unobtrusive nutmeg.

Great for making white wine, juice and drinking "from the bush."

Rhombic

"Rhombic" is a relatively new hybrid variety of breeder Pavlovsky.The name speaks of the unusual shape of the berries, a bit similar to the geometric shape.

A brief description of:

• massive bushes;
• ripening period of 80-85 days;
• pollinated independently;
• high yielding;
• frost resistance up to -23 ° С;
• high resistance to ailments and pests;
• berries of coal shades, weighing 15-20 gr.;
• clusters are massive;
• the taste is moderately sweet, harmonious.

Fruits are able to not fall off for a long time and ripen on the bush. Suitable for cultivation in mid-latitudes and north.

Olympiad

Table grade ultra-early ripening. Bred by Russian breeders at the VNII them. Potapenko. Parent varieties are Yakdona and Pearl Saba.

• strong-growing grape tree;
• average yield;
• self-pollinated;
• afraid of frosts below -22 ° C;
• immunity to diseases is average;
• Demanding on soil fertility and moisture;
• the fruits are light yellow in color, small. The taste is sweet and sour, nutmeg.
• bunches weighing 200-400 gr.

Time-tested, reliable grade. It shows the best results in the southern regions.

Eva

Table grapes from the collection of amateur breeder Kapelyushny V.U. A hybrid form from two grades "Enthusiasm red" and "Denal".

A brief description of:

• the tree is distinguished by powerful growth;
• precocious (95-100 days);
• bisexual flowers;
• susceptible to disease;
• productivity of 8-10 kg with 1 m²;
• good cold resistance (up to - 24 ° С).

Berries of the correct oval form are colored pink. It tastes sweet with a slight acidity. The clusters are large, even, weighing 1-1, 3 kg. Unpretentious, reliable grade.

Anniversary of the Kherson summer resident

Bred in 2001 by an employee of the Zaporizhzhya NIIV - E. A. Klyuchnikov. The people often simply call "UHD".

A brief description of:

• shoots reach three meters in height;
• growing season 100 days;
• resistant to fungi;
• tolerates frosts up to - 26 ° C;
• pollinating plants are required;
• yields are high annually;
• berries weighing 7-9 g .;
• bunches in the form of a cone, weight 500-600 gr.;
• the taste is harmonious, sweet.

It easily adapts to any climatic conditions.

Kishmish

Well-known dessert grape variety. Sweet, juicy berries are loved not only by children, but also by adults.

A brief description of:

• ripening period of 110 days;
• vigorous plant;
• productivity is 20-25 kg. from the bush;
• withstands frosts to -26 ° C;
• resistant to diseases;
• berries are golden green, small up to 3 gr., seedless;
• bunches of loose 500-600 gr .;

Reliable, unpretentious variety that can produce crops in any climatic zone of the country.

Laura

Unpretentious in the care and cultivation of a table variety of white grapes. It is entered in the national register as "Flora". It is one of the five most fruitful and delicious.

• medium-sized bushes;
• the beginning of fruiting for 2-3 years;
• ripening period no more than 120 days;
• does not freeze at temperatures up to - 26 ° C;
• resistance to fungal ailments is good;
• yield 13-16 kg per tree;
• fruits of light green color, weighing 6-12 g., the taste is simple, sweet.
• clusters are large from 1 to 2.5 kg.

Arcadia

The most common of the early varieties among Russian winegrowers. Also known as "Nastya."

A brief description of:

• tree height 2-2.5 m;
• vegetation lasts 120 days;
• male and female type flowers;
• productivity from one bush - 20 kg;
• temperature to -23 ° C does not damage the vine;
• round berries, average weight 15 g .;
• bunches from 700 gr. up to 2 kg;
• the taste is moderately sweet.

Grapes are plastic. It is easily adaptable in any climatic conditions.

Delight

A reliable variety of table white grapes. The name reflects the abundance of virtues of the subspecies.

A brief description of:

• vigorous bushes;
• it takes 110 days to ripen the fruit;
• high productivity (6-8 kg with 1 m²);
• tolerates low temperatures up to -26 ° C;
• medium resistant to fungal pathogens;
• berries are round, large, amber in color, weighing 7-9 grams;
• brushes gain weight from 400 to 800 g .;
• sweet taste with musky notes.

Thinning of fruit brushes is required in order to avoid breaking of the vine.

Veles

One of the most beloved varieties confectioners and restaurateurs. Pulp without seeds and excellent taste more than once brought hybrid prizes in various international competitions.

A brief description of:

• source material - varieties "Rusbol", "Sofia";
• medium-sized plant;
• vegetation - 110 days;
• self-pollinated;
• frost resistance threshold -23 ° C;
• medium level of resistance to fungi;
• oval berries, weighing up to 5 g., color pink;
• clusters are dense, average weight is from 600 gr. up to 1.5 kg;

Suitable for both business and family consumption.

Anniversary

Large-fruited and high-yielding table variety. Productivity is good both in warm regions and in temperate continental climate.

A brief description of:

• tall and strong;
• vegetation period 115-120 days;
• bisexual flowers;
• medium resistant to diseases and pests;
• winters without shelter in the central regions;
• berries of an elongated oval cream-pink color;
• fruit brushes are small, 500-700 gr.;
• the taste is sweet, with barely perceptible sourness;

The peculiarity of the variety is that unripe berries can be eaten, they taste very sweet.

Anniversary of Novocherkassk

Abundant harvests and presentable appearance are the main advantages of the variety. Requires compliance with agricultural regulations.

A brief description of:

• vegetation period 110-120 days;
• grape tree is tall, strong;
• it is not afraid of frosts to -23 ° C;
• may be affected by mildew;
• berries of elongated shape, painted in pink and yellow;
• the average weight of berries is 12-18 gr.;
• the clusters are not loose, the average weight is 1-1.2 kg.

Sweet to taste “Anniversary of Novocherkassk” is ideal for consumption “from the bush” or for sale.

Augustine

High yielding table grade Bulgarian breeding. Often found under the names: “Pleven Sustainable”, “V25 / 20” or “Phenomenon”.

A brief description of:

• the height of the bushes is 2-2.5 m.;
• growing season 117 days;
• record yields, up to 60 kg per bush;
• tolerates frosts up to - 24 ° C;
• immunity to fungal pathogens;
• pollinated in the home;
• berries are round, medium in size, yellow-green in color;
• the taste of fruits is very sweet (20% sugar);
• the average weight of the bunch is 500-800 gr.

Vigorous bushes are often used as an arbor culture.

Aleshenkin

“Aleshenkin Dar”, “Alesha”, “No. 328” are the names of the same table variety. Bred more than 50 years ago by Soviet breeders. Recognized as one of the best varieties domestic selection.

A brief description of:

• strong-growing tree, powerful;
• productivity - 25 kg. from a plant;
• ripening period is 110 days;
• frost resistance is average;
• afraid of oidium;
• fruits of a larger average, straw color, with white wax;
• the taste is good, sweet. Pulp with 1-2 rudiments;
• the weight of fruit brushes ranges from 700 g. up to 1500 gr.

Unpretentious in care and weather conditions is suitable for beginners in viticulture.

Adler

Novelty of Russian selection. Original varieties "Augustine", "Talisman". A promising variety for summer cottages in the middle lane.

A brief description of:

• bushes have powerful stature;
• vegetation period 110-115 days;
• average yield, but stable;
• tolerates frosts up to -24 ° C;
• vulnerable to fungal pathogens;
• the taste of berries is sweet, dessert;
• berries are outwardly attractive, large, oval, painted in a warm amber color;
• clusters are dense, of average size 0.5-0.8 kg.

A variety of universal purpose. It is perfectly transported and stored.

Transformation

The table hybrid is distinguished by high yields and excellent taste.

A brief description of:

• vigorous;
• medium;
• bisexual flowers;
• withstands frosts down to -20 ° С;
• resistant to diseases and pests;
• narrowly oval berries, honey color. Sugar and acid are harmoniously combined;
• clusters are very large from 1.7 to 3 kg.

The bush gives a large number of stepsons. In the south of the country, this allows you to take two crops.

Victor

The variety was obtained by V. N. Krainov by crossing two varieties, “Talisman” and “Radiant mushroom”. Assigned to early gradesalthough the ripening period is four full months.

A brief description of:

• vigorous;
• productivity is 5-6 kg. from the bush;
• in the middle lane winters without shelter;
• not susceptible to disease;
• prone to attack by wasps;
• sweet berries with a floral bouquet;
• clusters are large light purple.

Good for commercial cultivation. Berries are perfectly transported and stored.

Monarch

The result of the work of breeder Pavlovsky. Parent varieties - "Talisman", "Cardinal". A table variety of white grapes is famous for large berries of a sweet taste.

A brief description of:

• tall;
• harvest from one bush an average of 7-9 kg;
• the fruits are ready for harvest in 120 days;
• pear-shaped berries of light green color. Weight 10-30 gr.;
• large clusters (1-1.2 kg.);
• sweet taste with a nutmeg aftertaste;
• resistant to diseases;
• cold resistant (up to -25 ° С).

Of the shortcomings of winegrowers noted a tendency to shed ovaries.

Jupiter

Ranked in the top five seedless table varieties dark grapes. Originally from the US state of Arkansas. In the 2000s, it was brought to Russia, after which it quickly spread.

A brief description of:

• compact bushes;
• ripening period 110-115 days;
• excellent frost resistance (-27 ° C);
• self-pollinated;
• medium-sized fruit brushes are formed from round berries of 4-5 g .;
• the color of berries is dark blue, no seeds;
• sweet taste with notes of isabella and exquisite nutmeg;
• well transported.

Among the shortcomings, one can note the average resistance of Jupiter to fungal diseases and the tendency to shed fully ripened berries.

Julian

It is one of the earliest hybrid forms. The ripening period is not more than 95 days.

A brief description of:

• parent varieties "Rizamat", "Kesha".
• vigorous plant;
• self-pollinated;
• frost resistance up to -23 ° С;
• drought tolerant;
• disease resistance is good;
• the average weight of bunches is 1-1.2 kg;
• berries are large, finger-shaped pinkish or yellowish hues;
• the taste is fruity, sweet.

Unpretentious "Julian" does not require complex agricultural technology. Suitable for beginners who want to grow grapes on their site.

Viking

Large fruited black grapes from the collection of V.V. Zagorulko. The hybrid form was obtained by pollinating the “Delight of the Red” with “Kodrianka”.

A brief description of:

• matures in 110-115 days;
• the vine is powerful, high;
• fruit brushes of 0.8-0.9 kg.;
• narrowly oval blueberry berries;
• ripe sweet berries with a caramel aftertaste. Some consumers report a touch of cherry or prune;
• prone to "peas";
• resistant to disease;
• frost resistance is low.

Moody with the growing conditions, the Viking, with a lack of heat, produces sour berries, and in rainy summer the berries are prone to cracking. "In the hands" of experienced growers shows excellent results.

Timur

“Undemanding, early ripe, yielding large and tasty fruits” - this is how experienced growers characterize the variety. Timur - the result of the work of domestic breeders. Parent varieties - “Frumoasa Albe” and “Delight”.

A brief description of:

• bushes are undersized, compact;
• self-pollinated;
• harvesting in 105-110 days;
• strong immunity to ailments;
• affected by a tick;
• forms large clusters of 600-800 gr .;
• the color of the berries is white with a touch of amber;
• berries are large (6-7 gr.), sweet with tart notes and a nutmeg aroma;
• frost resistance of roots to -25 ° C.

On heavy, moist soils, sour taste and astringency prevail in the berries.

Codryanka

Large fruited black grape hybrid Bred by Moldovan breeders by crossing “Moldova” and “Marshalsky”.

A brief description of:

• tall bushes;
• vegetation 110-115 days;
• abundant fruiting;
• endowed with integrated resistance to major diseases;
• frost resistance up to - 23 ° C;
• blueberry fruits, with a barely noticeable wax coating on the skin, average weight of 6-8 g .;
• clusters of 400-500 gr., individual up to 1.5 kg;
• the taste is noble, sweet;
• fleshy flesh with 1-2 seeds;

A distinctive feature is the ability to bring abundant crops on stony and sandy areas.

Somerset Sidlis

Hybrid with rare frost resistance. Without shelter, the bushes easily tolerate frosts down to -34 ° C. One of the best varieties for vineyards in the north of the country.

A brief description of:

• medium;
• growing season 110-115 days;
• self-pollinated;
• resistant to fungal pathogens;
• fruits are colored pink, small (up to 2 gr.);
• the pulp is dense, sugar with a thin skin;
• the taste of dessert berries with the aroma of wild strawberries;
• average transportability;

Compact bushes give small-sized clusters (up to 200 gr.), Hence the average yield indicators.

Victoria

Hybrid form of table subspecies. Unpretentious "Victoria" A good option for beginner gardeners and winegrowers.

A brief description of:

• the period from swelling of the kidneys to maturity 115-120 days;
• bush growth is moderate;
• female flowers prevail;
• high yielding;
• not affected by disease;
• winters well without shelter;
• fruit color red with raspberry tint, weight 6-7 g., dense brush 500-700 g each .;
• when consumed, the flesh of the berries is crisp, juicy;
• the taste is simple, acquires a musky touch as it ripens.

Among the disadvantages, there is a tendency to crack thin skin of berries and “peeling” of berries (without load rating).

Conclusion

When choosing grapes, it is best to focus on varieties designed for the climatic conditions of your region. In this case, the plant will take root more quickly, get stronger and begin to bring full-fledged crops.

Reviews

Margarita, Kirov region

Of the early varieties I have a time-tested "workhorse" is "Arcadia". Unpretentious annually brings stable crops. When normalizing the number of brushes, clusters are formed more than one kilogram. Vineyard care is minimal. The soil under the bushes is lined with straw. I feed in the autumn with chicken manure mixed with the same straw. I do not use chemical fertilizers in principle.